However, due to the limited scope of present study, we cannot dwell on them. Reconnaissance and archaeological investigations carried out in the territory of Uzbekistan demonstrate that it is home for dozens of large city centers, related to the antiquity and medieval times, through which the Great Silk Roads passed. The most intensive periods of functioning of the Great Silk Roads in the territory of Uzbekistan can be observed: in ancient times when Central Asia became part of Turkic Khanate during developed Middle Ages.
merchants from Bactria, Dayuan (Davan) and Chach (Shash). Equally significant was the contribution made by other nations as well, i.e. It bears mentioning that the role of the Sogdians in the development of international trade along the Great Silk Roads was significant, which has been confirmed by many written sources and archaeological discoveries made in China and Central Asia. This process could be observed in the example of trade routes, which passed through the territory of present-day Uzbekistan as well. Moreover, the studies conducted on the Great Silk Roads demonstrated that its routes changed their direction at different periods of history. This was mainly associated with the existing political environment in the regions and countries it passed through. However it should be noted that the functioning of the Great Silk Roads was not always stable and permanent. Along the Great Silk Roads travelled religious missionaries, scholars, musicians and many other individuals. With a lapse of time the routes of the Great Silk Roads became the ones, on which not only trade took place, but also cultural relations were established.
Han Empire, Kushan Empire, Parthian Empire and Roman Empire. In such a way the system of international relations and communications was established, which, later on, was named as the Great Silk Roads.Īs a result of these efforts quite close trade and cultural contacts were established with four great powers of the ancient world, i.e. By so doing the emperor was intending to increase Chinese influence there. Consequently, the information obtained by Zhang Qian stirred an interest of the emperor and his functionaries, so that after some time the emperor once again decided to send him with the aim of establishing trade relations in the Western Region. Although he could not persuade the the Yuezhi chieftain to undertake joint actions, he was nevertheless able to gather some valuable information concerning the states and peoples, living in the Western Regions. All together, the whole journey of Zhang Qian to the Yuezhi lasted for more than 13 years. He was charged with a task of concluding an agreement with the Yuezhi concerning joint actions against the Xiongnu. Central Asia) and formation of the Great Silk Roads is associated with the name of Zhang Qian, a Chinese diplomat, who was dispatched by the order of the emperor Wu Di to Bactria in 138 A.D. And it is these factors that predetermined main routes over which trade and exchange relations took place.ĭiscovery of the Western Regions (i.e. Uzbekistan’s territory is characterized by fertile land that is intensively developed by humans, by diversity of raw resources, presence of developed city culture, high level of handicraft industry and commodity-money relations. In fact, main routes of the Great Silk Roads uniting East and West passed through the territory of present-day Uzbekistan, which was one of the places, where the first civilizations emerged and developed. Location of Uzbekistan in the center of Eurasian continent allowed it to play a key role in the transcontinental system of the Great Silk Roads. GATEWAY CITIES OF UZBEKISTAN ON THE GREAT SILK ROADS
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